Our Lady of Czestochowa

A portrait of a young St. John Henry Newman hangs in Cathedral High School, part of the Ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter, in Houston. / Credit: Amira Abuzeid/CNA

CNA Staff, Oct 27, 2025 / 13:00 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV will name St. John Henry Newman a patron saint of Catholic education in a document to be published on Oct. 28 for the 60th anniversary of Gravissimum Educationis, the Second Vatican Council’s declaration on Christian education.

He will become an official co-patron saint of education, alongside St. Thomas Aquinas, during the Vatican’s Jubilee of the World of Education from Oct. 27 to Nov. 1. He will also be declared a doctor of the Church by Pope Leo at the jubilee’s closing Mass on Nov. 1, the solemnity of All Saints.

Newman will join a list of several other Catholic saints considered patrons of other aspects of education. Get to know them here:

St. Thomas Aquinas

A scholar and doctor of the Church, St. Thomas Aquinas is considered one of the Catholic Church’s greatest theologians and philosophers. He is the patron saint of Catholic colleges and universities, teachers, philosophers, theologians, and students. 

St. Albert the Great

A teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Albert the Great was a provincial of the Dominican order and is also a doctor of the Church. He is the patron saint of science students due to his belief that science and faith are compatible.

St. Joseph of Cupertino 

A Conventual Franciscan Friar, St. Joseph of Cupertino was an Italian mystic who was known for struggling with his studies. He is a patron saint of students, especially those preparing to take exams.

St. Jean-Baptiste de La Salle 

St. Jean-Baptiste de La Salle was a French priest, educational reformer, and founder of the Institute of Brothers of the Christian Schools. He is a patron saint of teachers.

St. Scholastica

St. Scholastica is the foundress of the women’s branch of Benedictine monasticism, which focuses on prayer, work, and study. Her name also means “scholar.” Therefore, she is a patron saint of education.

St. Francis de Sales

Known for his influential writings on spiritual direction and formation, St. Francis de Sales is the patron saint of writers, journalists, the Catholic press, and educators.

St. Elizabeth Ann Seton

St. Elizabeth Ann Seton is considered the foundress of the Catholic school system in the United States, making her a patron of Catholic schools. In 1810, she opened the first Catholic girls school in Emmitsburg, Maryland. It was also here where she founded the first American congregation of religious sisters, the Sisters of Charity.

St. John Neumann

A member of the Redemptorist order, St. John Neumann was the fourth bishop of Philadelphia. While he was there, he founded the first Catholic diocesan school in the United States, which made him a patron saint of Catholic education.

St. Gemma Galgani 

St. Gemma Galgani is considered a patron saint of students because she was an exceptional and diligent student who excelled in her education despite her fragile health.

St. Catherine of Alexandria

A fourth-century noblewoman and scholar, St. Catherine of Alexandria is a patron saint of students, teachers, and librarians due to her incredible skills in debate, which led to many conversions among pagan philosophers.

Pope Leo XIV waves to pilgrims gathered in St. Peter’s Square for his Sunday Angelus on Oct. 26, 2025, at the Vatican. / Credit: Vatican Media

Vatican City, Oct 27, 2025 / 12:30 pm (CNA).

The Vatican on Monday released the full program for Pope Leo XIV’s first apostolic journey, which will take him to Turkey and Lebanon from Nov. 27 to Dec. 2.

The trip will center on two key moments: a pilgrimage to İznik (ancient Nicaea) to mark the 1,700th anniversary of the First Council of Nicaea and a visit to the tomb of St. Charbel Makhlouf in Lebanon.

The Council of Nicaea, convened in 325 by Emperor Constantine, was a turning point in Christian history. It produced the original formulation of the Nicene Creed — later adopted as the universal profession of faith — and set out to unify the date of Easter across the Church.

Turkey: Honoring Christian unity and dialogue

The pope will depart from Rome’s Fiumicino Airport on Thursday, Nov. 27, arriving in Ankara at midday. Following an official welcome, he will visit the Mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Turkish Republic, and meet with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and members of civil society and the diplomatic corps.

That evening, he will travel to Istanbul.

On Friday, Nov. 28, the Holy Father will begin the day with prayer alongside bishops, priests, deacons, and pastoral workers at the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. Later, he will visit a home for the elderly run by the Little Sisters of the Poor.

In the afternoon, he will travel by helicopter to İznik for an ecumenical prayer gathering near the ruins of the ancient Basilica of St. Neophytus, recalling the First Council of Nicaea, which affirmed Christ as “God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God.”

Back in Istanbul that evening, the pope will meet privately with the country’s bishops.

Saturday’s schedule includes visits to the Blue Mosque and the nearby Hagia Sophia, symbols of interreligious dialogue and Christian heritage. He will meet privately with leaders of other Christian Churches at the Syriac Orthodox Church of Mor Ephrem, then join Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I for a doxology and the signing of a joint declaration at the Patriarchal Church of St. George.

The day will conclude with Mass at the Volkswagen Arena, where the pope will deliver his homily.

Lebanon: Prayer at St. Charbel’s tomb and solidarity with a wounded nation

On Sunday, Nov. 30, the pope will visit the Armenian Apostolic Cathedral in Istanbul before departing for Beirut. There he will be welcomed by Lebanese President Joseph Aoun — elected in January after more than two years of political stalemate — and meet with other national leaders.

Lebanon’s confessional political system, established by the 1943 National Pact and reaffirmed in the 1989 Taif Agreement, reserves the presidency for a Maronite Christian, the premiership for a Sunni Muslim, and the parliamentary speakership for a Shiite Muslim.

On Monday, Dec. 1, Pope Leo will travel to Annaya to pray at the tomb of St. Charbel Makhlouf, the 19th-century Maronite monk venerated for his holiness and miracles. Later that morning, he will meet with clergy and pastoral workers at the Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon in Harissa and with the Catholic patriarchs at the apostolic nunciature.

That afternoon, he will join an ecumenical and interreligious gathering in Beirut’s Martyrs’ Square and meet with young people outside the Maronite Patriarchate in Bkerké.

The final day of the trip, Tuesday, Dec. 2, will begin with a visit to De la Croix Hospital in Jal ed Dib, followed by a moment of silent prayer at Beirut’s port, the site of the devastating 2020 explosion.

Pope Leo will celebrate the closing Mass of his journey at the Beirut Waterfront before returning to Rome, where he is scheduled to arrive at 4:10 p.m. local time.

null / Credit: Leigh Prather/Shutterstock

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Oct 27, 2025 / 12:00 pm (CNA).

About three-fourths of states scored less than 50% on Napa Legal Institute’s religious freedom index, which measures how well states safeguard religious liberty for faith-based organizations.

The “2025 Religious Freedom Percentage” was part of Napa’s Faith & Freedom Index published Oct. 27. Napa Legal Institute is an organization that assists faith-based nonprofits with legal compliance. 

Alabama scored highest, and Michigan scored lowest.

The report measures a state’s religious liberty in several ways, such as whether faith-based organizations have access to the same public programs and funds as nonreligious groups, whether the state has adopted stronger protections than guaranteed by the First Amendment, and whether employers can operate their organizations consistent with their religious beliefs.

It also considers whether the states protect the free exercise of religion under normal conditions and under a state of emergency such as when states restricted access to religious services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Most states had subpar scores, with about three-fourths failing to reach the 50% mark. Six states scored below the 30% mark, and another 19 states and Washington, D.C., were below 40%. An additional 13 states had scores below 50%. 

Seven states scored between 50% and 60% and another three states scored between 60% and 70%. Only two states scored higher than 70%: Kansas at 79% and Alabama at 86%.

“Faith-based organizations must be free to manage their internal affairs in accordance with their sincerely held religious beliefs and in ways that further their religious mission,” the report stated.

‘Worst’ states for religious liberty

The worst state for religious freedom was Michigan, which scored 22%, according to Napa. The Great Lakes state was closely followed by Delaware at 25%, Washington at 26%, Maryland at 27%, and Nevada and Hawaii at 29%.

Napa’s report called Michigan “one of the worst places to operate faith-based nonprofits in the United States.” The report cited reasons such as not exempting religious employers from nondiscrimination laws that might implicate their faith and unequal access to public programs and benefits.

In Delaware, religious employers have some protection from nondiscrimination laws implicating faith issues, but not in all situations. The state also does not adequately ensure equal access to public programs and funds, the report said.

For Washington, the report expressed concern about limited freedom for religious employers and unequal access to public programs and funds. In Maryland, the report notes a burdensome audit requirement to keep a charitable tax status and a lack of nondiscrimination exemptions.

“Laws have been enacted that impose restrictions on the religious freedom of nonprofits that serve the public,” the report notes, in reference to low-scoring states. “Such laws threaten to exclude faith-based institutions from the marketplace of charitable services and limit the access of vulnerable populations to needed services.”

Alabama ranks first

Alabama received, by far, the best score at 86%, and the report considers it “one of the best places to operate a faith-based nonprofit in the United States.”

The report said Alabama adopted a constitutional amendment to build on the religious liberty protections of the First Amendment. The state provides exemptions to nondiscrimination laws when faith is implicated and allows equal access to public programs. Still, the report noted a key concern: the Blaine Amendment, which restricts access to public funds.

In Kansas, which scored 79%; Mississippi, which scored 67%; and Georgia, which scored 67%, the states provide exemptions for nondiscrimination laws when faith is implicated and ensure access to public programs. However, they all lack proper access to public funds and have mixed scores on free exercise protections, the report said.

Other states ranking highly in Napa’s report included Florida at 63%, and New Hampshire and Indiana at 59%.

“Even in states with cultures friendly to religious organizations, it is worthwhile to identify areas where there is room to improve the states’ friendliness to faith-based organizations by passing more favorable laws,” the report notes.

Pope Leo XIV speaks to participants in the Jubilee of Synodal Teams and Participatory Bodies on Oct. 24, 2025, in the Paul VI Audience Hall at the Vatican. / Credit: Vatican Media

Vatican City, Oct 27, 2025 / 11:30 am (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV drew laughter and applause on Oct. 24 when he recalled asking his mother in the 1970s whether she wanted equality with men. “No,” she replied, “because we’re already better.”

The pope shared the memory during a discussion on the role of women in the Church at the opening of the Jubilee of Synodal Teams and Participatory Bodies, a three-day gathering for representatives involved in implementing the global synodal process.

The story, he explained, came from a time when debates about equality between men and women were just beginning to take hold in his native United States. His mother’s response, he said, was not a joke but an affirmation of women’s distinctive gifts. “There are many gifts that women have,” he added, recalling their vital roles in family and parish life.

Pope Leo then described a community of sisters in Peru whose charism is to serve where there are no priests. “They baptize, assist at marriages, and carry out a wonderful missionary work that is a testimony even for many priests,” he said.

But the pope warned that in many parts of the world, cultural barriers still prevent women from exercising their rightful roles.

“Not all bishops or priests want to allow women to exercise what could very well be their role,” he said. “There are cultures where women still suffer as if they were second-class citizens.”

The task of the Church, he added, is to help transform those cultures “according to the values of the Gospel,” so that discrimination can be eliminated and “the gifts and charisms of every person are respected and valued.”

Turning to the wider synodal process, the pope insisted that synodality “is not a campaign, it is a way of being and a way of being for the Church.” He said the goal is not to impose a “uniform model” but to foster a spirit of conversion and communion through listening and mission.

Responding to questions from representatives of the Church in Africa, Oceania, and North America, Pope Leo emphasized the importance of patience and formation.

“Not all things move at the same rhythm or speed,” he said. “Oftentimes, the resistances come out of fear and lack of knowledge.” Without proper formation, he warned, “there are going to be resistances and a lack of understanding.”

On the environment, he called for courage in responding to the “cry of the earth,” urging Catholics not to remain passive but to “raise our voice to change the world and make it a better place.”

Father Vladimír Jukl who was born 100 years ago, was a secretly ordained Catholic priest in communist Czechoslovakia, and endured imprisonment and torture. He was a key figure in the underground Catholic resistance and inspired thousands through faith, courage, and quiet leadership. / Credit: Karol Dubovan

Rome, Italy, Oct 27, 2025 / 06:00 am (CNA).

A hundred years ago, Vladimír Jukl was born — a secretly ordained Catholic priest in communist Czechoslovakia who endured imprisonment and torture yet helped bring down the regime. A key figure in the underground Catholic resistance, he inspired thousands through faith, courage, and quiet leadership.

In 2022, a film titled “The Free Men: A Story of Friendship That Changed Slovakia” told his story. Among those who viewed it were then-Prime Minister Eduard Heger and President Zuzana Čaputová. The following year, former dissident František Mikloško published “Vladimír Jukl: In the Front Line of a Great Story.”

Born in Bratislava in 1925, Jukl was accused of “treason” — that is, of forbidden religious activity — during the communist era. He was tortured, imprisoned, and held in solitary confinement.

“The greatest crime of all was Catholic religious activity. Everyone suspected of it was, after some time, placed in maximum isolation called ‘The Vatican’ in various prisons,” wrote fellow dissident Silvester Krčméry in “Truth Against Power.”

“I was sentenced to 25 years in prison [and observed that] many people without faith touched electric wires to be killed by the current or found another way to disappear from life. I believed the Lord would help me and prayed,” Jukl recalled.

After his release, he continued his mission — this time underground.

The ‘general’ of the secret Church

Bishop Ján Korec, a Jesuit who was secretly ordained a bishop and was later named a cardinal, approved a plan to build a network of small prayer communities at every university faculty and even in individual classes in Bratislava, now Slovakia’s capital. Jukl and Krčméry oversaw the network.

The two regularly met with coordinators to foster spiritual formation and organize activities such as retreats and excursions outside the city — nicknamed “feasts.” Their leadership earned them the nickname “Generals of the Secret Church.”

These communities nurtured a generation of Catholics whose mature faith became a quiet force for cultural and spiritual renewal under the communist regime.

Bestselling author Rod Dreher later highlighted Jukl and Krčméry in “Live Not by Lies,” his book about Christian resistance under totalitarianism. Citing accounts from other dissidents, Dreher wrote that the pair were “like a magnet for the young idealists ready to absorb whatever they offered.”

Their clandestine activities required great caution. To protect one another, participants would never arrive or leave meetings all at once, and many knew only each other’s first names.

A mathematician by training, Jukl also wrote for samizdat publications and served as secretary of the Union of Slovak Mathematicians and Physicists. Korec later secretly ordained Jukl a priest — expanding his means of spiritual formation and ministry.

Contact with Karol Wojtyła

During a mountain trip near the Polish border, Jukl and Krčméry met a young priest named Karol Wojtyła. When he later became archbishop of Kraków, they visited him in Poland as travel restrictions eased.

After Wojtyła’s election as Pope John Paul II in 1978, Jukl reportedly told friends: “You cannot imagine what this will mean for us.” 

Many later noted that the Polish pope’s moral and spiritual influence profoundly encouraged those resisting communism throughout Central and Eastern Europe.

Through Wojtyła’s close friend Wanda Półtawska, the pope remained informed about the Church’s situation in communist Czechoslovakia. After the fall of the regime, he invited Jukl and his collaborators to the Vatican.

The ‘Candle Manifestation’

Jukl also co-organized the famous “Candle Manifestation,” a 1988 public prayer for religious freedom held in Bratislava’s Hviezdoslav Square.

On that rainy evening, thousands gathered with candles under umbrellas only to be dispersed by water cannons and police batons as loudspeakers ordered them to leave. The event became a symbol of nonviolent resistance that foreshadowed the 1989 Velvet Revolution.

“Our goal is not only the good of the Church but also of the whole of society. Christianity is misunderstood by those who see it as something passive, an escape from the world. The opposite is true. Christianity encourages action — lively participation in everything that creates true values,” Jukl said, as quoted in Mikloško’s book.

After the fall of communism, Jukl continued to lead prayer groups in democratic Slovakia until his death in 2012.

Pope Leo XIV celebrates a Mass of episcopal consecration at the Altar of the Chair in St. Peter’s Basilica on Oct. 26, 2025. / Credit: Daniel Ibanez/CNA

Vatican City, Oct 26, 2025 / 18:24 pm (CNA).

Bishops should be humble servants and men of prayer — not possession, Pope Leo XIV said at a Mass to consecrate a new bishop on Sunday.

“This is the first lesson for every bishop: humility. Not humility in words but that which dwells in the heart of those who know they are servants, not masters; shepherds, not owners of the flock,” the pontiff said Oct. 26.

The pontiff personally consecrated Monsignor Mirosław Stanisław Wachowski a bishop during a Mass at the Altar of the Chair in St. Peter’s Basilica.

Wachowski was appointed apostolic nuncio — the pope’s diplomatic representative — to Iraq in September. Nuncios are usually also archbishops.

The 55-year-old Wachowski, originally from Poland, has been in the diplomatic service of the Holy See since 2004. He has also served in the Secretariat of State in the section for relations with states and was appointed undersecretary for relations with states — similar to a deputy foreign minister — in October 2019.

Reflecting on Wachowski’s background growing up in a farming family in the Polish countryside, the pope said: “From your contact with the earth, you have learned that fruitfulness comes from waiting and fidelity: two words that also define the episcopal ministry.”

“The bishop is called to sow with patience, to cultivate with respect, to wait with hope,” Leo continued. “He is a guardian, not an owner; a man of prayer, not of possession. The Lord entrusts you with a mission so that you may care for it with the same dedication with which the farmer cares for his field: every day, with constancy, with faith.”

The pontiff also reflected on the role of a nuncio, who, as the papal representative is “a sign of the concern of the successor of Peter for all the Churches.”

“He is sent to strengthen the bonds of communion, to promote dialogue with civil authorities, to safeguard the freedom of the Church, and to foster the good of the people,” he underlined.

“The apostolic nuncio is not just any diplomat: He is the face of a Church that accompanies, consoles, and builds bridges,” he added. “His task is not to defend partisan interests but to serve communion.”

The pope said Wachowski is being asked to be a father, a shepherd, and a witness of hope in Iraq, “a land marked by pain and the desire for rebirth.”

“You are called to fight the good fight of faith, not against others but against the temptation to tire, to close yourself off, to measure results, relying on the fidelity that is your hallmark: the fidelity of one who does not seek himself but serves with professionalism, with respect, with a competence that enlightens and does not flaunt itself.”

He remarked on the long-standing presence of Christianity in Mesopotamia, which, according to tradition, can trace its roots to St. Thomas the Apostle and his disciples Addai and Mari.

“In that region, people pray in the language that Jesus spoke: Aramaic. This apostolic root is a sign of continuity that the violence, which has manifested itself with ferocity in recent decades, has not been able to extinguish,” the pope said.

“Indeed, the voice of those who have been brutally deprived of their lives in those lands does not fail,” he added. “Today they pray for you, for Iraq, for peace in the world.”

Pope Leo XIV celebrates Mass in St. Peter’s Basilica for the Jubilee of Synodal Teams and Participatory Bodies on the 30th Sunday of Ordinary Time, Oct. 26, 2025. / Credit: Daniel Ibanez/CNA

Vatican City, Oct 26, 2025 / 08:10 am (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV said at a Mass on Sunday that no one in the Church “should impose his or her own ideas” and asked that tensions between tradition and novelty not become “ideological contrapositions and harmful polarizations.”

“The supreme rule in the Church is love. No one is called to dominate; all are called to serve,” Leo said in St. Peter’s Basilica on Oct. 26.

“No one should impose his or her own ideas; we must all listen to one another,” he continued. “No one is excluded; we are all called to participate. No one possesses the whole truth; we must all humbly seek it and seek it together.”

The pontiff celebrated Mass on the 30th Sunday in Ordinary Time for the closing of the Jubilee of Synodal Teams and Participatory Bodies, part of the Church’s wider Jubilee of Hope in 2025. 

In a call for communion, Pope Leo addressed all the participants in the synodality meeting and asked for their help to expand “the ecclesial space” and make it “collegial and welcoming.”

Leo also spoke about synodality with the jubilee pilgrims during an Oct. 24 event at the Vatican.

The Holy Spirit transforms ‘harmful polarizations’

“Being a synodal Church means recognizing that truth is not possessed but sought together, allowing ourselves to be guided by a restless heart in love with Love,” he emphasized.

The pontiff called on Christians to live “with confidence and a new spirit amid the tensions that run through the life of the Church: between unity and diversity, tradition and novelty, authority and participation. We must allow the Spirit to transform them, so that they do not become ideological contrapositions and harmful polarizations.” 

It is not a question of resolving these tensions “by reducing one to the other, but of allowing them to be purified by the Spirit, so that they may be harmonized and oriented toward a common discernment,” he said.

He also made it clear that, “prior to any difference, we are called in the Church to walk together in the pursuit of God, clothing ourselves with the sentiments of Christ.”

Resolving tensions in the Church

In his homily on the day’s Gospel passage, the parable of the pharisee and the tax collector, the pope warned of the danger of spiritual pride displayed by the pharisee: “The pharisee is obsessed with his own ego, and in this way, ends up focused on himself without having a relationship with either God or others.”

Leo pointed out that this can also occur in the Christian community.

For example, “when the ego prevails over the collective, causing an individualism that prevents authentic and fraternal relationships,” he said.

He also criticized “the claim to be better than others, as the pharisee does with the tax collector, [because it] creates division and turns the community into a judgmental and exclusionary place; and when one leverages one’s role to exert power rather than to serve.”

The pope highlighted the tax collector’s humility as an example for the entire Christian community: “We too must recognize within the Church that we are all in need of God and of one another, which leads us to practice reciprocal love, listen to each other, and enjoy walking together.”

Leo urged Catholics to dream of and build a more humble Church, capable of reflecting the Gospel in its way of living and relating.

“A Church that does not stand upright like the pharisee, triumphant and inflated with pride, but bends down to wash the feet of humanity; a Church that does not judge like the pharisee does the tax collector but becomes a welcoming place for all,” he said.

He also invited the entire ecclesial community to commit itself to building a Church that is “entirely synodal, ministerial, and attracted to Christ,” dedicated to serving the world and open to listening to God and to all the men and women of our time.

Angelus

After the Mass on Oct. 26, Pope Leo led the Angelus prayer in Latin from a window of the Apostolic Palace, which overlooks St. Peter’s Square.

In his message following the Marian prayer, he expressed his closeness to the people of eastern Mexico, who were hit earlier this month by devastating floods and landslides, leaving 72 dead and dozens still missing.

“I pray for the families and for all those who are suffering as a result of this calamity, and I entrust the souls of the deceased to the Lord, through the intercession of the Blessed Virgin,” the pope said.

Leo also renewed his call to “unceasingly” pray for peace, especially through the communal recitation of the rosary. 

“Contemplating the mysteries of Christ together with the Virgin Mary, we make our own the suffering and hope of children, mothers, fathers, and elderly people who are victims of war,” he said. 

“And from this intercession of the heart arise many gestures of evangelical charity, of concrete closeness, of solidarity. To all those who, every day, with confident perseverance carry on this commitment, I repeat: ‘Blessed are the peacemakers!’”

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Jonatan Medina, son of evangelical pastors, shares how he converted to the Catholic faith. / Credit: EWTN News

ACI Prensa Staff, Oct 26, 2025 / 07:00 am (CNA).

Jonatan Medina Espinal is a young Catholic influencer who, as the son of evangelical pastors, was considered unlikely to embrace the Catholic faith, but he did so five years ago after a long and intense spiritual journey.

Now, with clearer ideas about the faith, the young Peruvian has become a defender of Catholic doctrine, promoting it on his social media as well as in his Spanish-language book “Toward the Barque of Peter: My Journey from Protestantism to the Catholic Church.”

For Dante Urbina, a Catholic author, teacher, and lecturer who also influenced Medina’s conversion, the book is “a testimony of profound conversion and intellectual depth that invites us to enter and persevere in the Catholic Church.”

Medina is a professional audiovisual communicator and describes himself as “a truth seeker.” In an interview with “EWTN Noticias,” the Spanish-language broadcast edition of EWTN News, he shared that he had already felt Catholic “at heart” since 2017, when he “began this journey that took [him] about two or three years.”

On Dec. 8, 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and on the solemnity of the Immaculate Conception, Medina received the sacrament of baptism, officially becoming part of the Catholic Church.

Medina pointed out that it was necessary for him to receive the sacrament in the Church, considering that the one he had received in his Christian group might not have been entirely valid.

The entire process that led to his conversion, continued Medina — who is part of the Catholic Advancement Movement — began “paradoxically, with a period of agnosticism ... I was agnostic for a good few years of my life, then tried to embrace a more reasonable faith, one based on evidence.”

Guided by various Christian figures such as Protestant C.S. Lewis and Catholic G.K. Chesterton, Medina questioned his affiliation with an evangelical church. “I began to embrace a more historical faith, with greater cogency.”

After “discovering all the fragmentations … of Protestantism, I said: How can the Gospel be so divided? And I saw that the Church appears with its unity, although obviously that doesn’t imply that there aren’t tensions or certain divisions, but there is a teaching that helps us to be bound together and gives us that guarantee of unity.”

Medina also explained that another milestone in his conversion was overcoming the Protestant concept of “sola Scriptura” (“Scripture alone”), which postulates that the Bible is the sole source of Christian faith and practice, ignoring tradition, a source of revelation that is accepted by the Catholic Church.

“I had discovered the error of sola Scriptura: I remember when I discovered it and realized that obviousness, that lack of logic, was so clear,” he recounted, and he understood “that Scripture itself was already tradition, only written down. That’s when I said, ‘Hey, this makes sense to me.’ Sola Scriptura began to fall apart for me.”

Medina, the author of the short Spanish-language film “Neighbors” about guardian angels, is particularly grateful for having come to love the Virgin Mary through the example of another convert, Dante Urbina, a Catholic professor and lecturer and author of several Spanish-language books such as “Does God Exist?” and “What Is the True Religion?”

“He also worked at the university where I work, and it was providential that we met one day, and I started asking him questions about Mary specifically, and he helped me a lot. I definitely believe that Mary has been key in my conversion,” Medina emphasized.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Cardinal József Mindszenty in 1974. / Credit: Mieremet, Rob/Anefo, CC BY-SA 3.0 NL, via Wikimedia Commons

Rome, Italy, Oct 26, 2025 / 06:00 am (CNA).

Hungarian Church leaders recently gathered in Rome to commemorate Venerable Cardinal József Mindszenty, the persecuted prelate who died in exile 50 years ago and became an enduring symbol of resistance to totalitarian regimes.

“Rome and the homeland — these are the two stars, and two goals, which also indicate to me the direction to take.” This quote from Mindszenty is featured at an exhibition currently on display at the Hungarian Academy in Rome, highlighting the cardinal’s fidelity to the Holy See and his country during a time of brutal repression in Central Europe.

Mindszenty was imprisoned under multiple regimes in Hungary. He served as bishop of Veszprém during World War II and was later appointed archbishop of Esztergom before being elevated to the College of Cardinals. After the communist takeover in Hungary in 1948, he was arrested on charges of “anti-government activity,” tortured, and imprisoned.

“Before his arrest in 1948, he naturally sought connections with other prelates in neighboring communist-dominated countries,” said Cardinal Péter Erdő, archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest, in comments to CNA.

He named Cardinal Josef Beran of Prague, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński of Krakow, and Blessed Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac of Zagreb as part of what he called a “great symphony” of episcopal leadership during a time of persecution under communism.

“This is why Pius XII, in a solemn letter, mentioned all these witnesses to the faith. It was a powerful phrase that acknowledged their testimony,” Erdő added.

‘Witnesses of Faith — Ray of Hope’

The Embassy of Hungary to the Holy See paid tribute to Mindszenty at an event titled “Witnesses of Faith — Rays of Hope,” held in the context of the Jubilee 2025, the theme of which is “Pilgrims of Hope.”

“It is no coincidence that this event is part of the jubilee,” said Cardinal Marcello Semeraro, prefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints. “Cardinal Mindszenty honored the dignity of the cardinalate through his life and willingness to sacrifice.”

“He was imprisoned under both Nazism and communism. This means he stood firm and challenged the mainstream,” emphasized Eduard Habsburg-Lothringen, Hungary’s ambassador to the Holy See, who also revealed that he carries a relic of the cardinal with him.

During the 1956 Hungarian uprising, Mindszenty was freed and took refuge in the U.S. Embassy in Budapest, where he remained for 15 years. In 1971, he was permitted to leave the country and began traveling extensively, primarily to visit Hungarian communities in the diaspora, including in the United States.

“After forced isolation, meeting people and living my vocation through active engagement brought me joy,” Mindszenty once said.

He died in exile in Vienna, Austria, in 1975.

Anti-communist or good shepherd?

While some critics viewed Mindszenty as overly political in his anti-communism, Hungarian Church leaders emphasized his pastoral mission.

“He was a good shepherd who, while not loud, spoke clearly against communism,” Bishop György Udvardy of Veszprém told CNA.

Erdő and Udvardy, both of whom took part in the Rome commemoration, noted that Mindszenty has been declared venerable — the Church’s recognition of his heroic virtues.

“History is complex, but we pray for his beatification,” Udvardy said.

During his years in exile, Mindszenty reportedly disagreed with Pope Paul VI’s decision to declare the Archdiocese of Esztergom vacant.

However, Erdő clarified: “The media exaggerated the disagreement. He was never disobedient. Once the Holy Father made his decision, Cardinal Mindszenty accepted it without resistance.”

A display at the exhibition features a quote from the cardinal: “Whatever happens, never believe that a priest can be the enemy of his faithful. The priest belongs to every family, and you belong to the big family of your pastor.”

Pilgrims participate in a pontifical Mass in the extraordinary form of the Roman rite celebrated by Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke at the Papal Basilica of St. Peter at the Vatican on Saturday, Oct. 25, 2025. / Credit: Daniel Ibáñez/CNA

Vatican City, Oct 25, 2025 / 14:00 pm (CNA).

Cardinal Raymond Burke celebrated a special Traditional Latin Mass for hundreds of pilgrims in St. Peter’s Basilica on Oct. 25 — a return to a prior custom, suspended since 2022, of an annual pilgrimage of Catholics devoted to the ancient liturgy.

Burke celebrated the solemn pontifical Mass, a high Latin Mass said by a bishop, at the Altar of the Chair on the second day of the Oct. 24–26 Summorum Pontificum pilgrimage. The cardinal also celebrated a Latin Mass at the Altar of the Chair for the pilgrimage in 2014.

The Mass was preceded by a half-mile procession from the Basilica of Sts. Celso and Giuliano to St. Peter’s Basilica.

The Summorum Pontificum pilgrimage, in its 14th year, brings people “ad Petri Sedem” (“to the See of Peter”) to give “testimony of the attachment that binds numerous faithful throughout the whole world to the traditional liturgy,” according to the pilgrimage website.

The pilgrimage began on the evening of Oct. 24 with vespers in Rome’s Basilica of San Lorenzo in Lucina, presided over by Cardinal Matteo Zuppi, archbishop of Bologna. A solemn closing Mass of Christ the King will be celebrated at the Church of Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini on the final day of the pilgrimage, Oct. 26.

In 2023 and 2024, the pilgrimage was not able to receive authorization to celebrate the Latin Mass at the Altar of the Chair in St. Peter’s Basilica from the basilica’s liturgy office, according to organizer Christian Marquant. 

The Office of Liturgical Ceremonies of St. Peter’s Basilica and the director of the Holy See Press Office did not respond to CNA’s request in September for comment on this assertion.

Burke — a champion of the Traditional Latin Mass and one of the most prominent critics in the hierarchy of the late Pope Francis, under whom he fell conspicuously out of favor — met Pope Leo in a private audience on Aug. 22.

Leo sent a letter of congratulations for Burke’s 50th anniversary of priestly ministry in July.

Rorate Caeli, a prominent website for devotees of the Traditional Latin Mass, called the celebration of a solemn pontifical Mass in St. Peter’s Basilica again an “important sign” of increased tolerance for the traditional liturgy. Pope Francis severely restricted the use of the Latin Mass in 2021 and with subsequent legislation.